Steel fabrication & PEB Studio glossary A

A

Anchor bolt: Bolt cast into the foundation that holds a column base plate. Its position, level and projection are surveyed before erection. See also: Steel erection: sequence, stability and site checks
Assembly: A fabricated piece made of a main part and the secondary parts welded or bolted to it in the shop, e.g. a column with its base plate and cleats. See also: B.4 Assembly, Part, Material take-off and Bolt lists
Assembly mark: The identifier given by Tekla numbering to identical assemblies (e.g. RF-1). It describes a type of piece; each physical piece also gets a serial. See also: Component identity: mark, serial, PCID and QR
Awaiting QC: Status of a production stage that the team has confirmed as completed but that still needs a QC inspection before the next stage can start. See also: Production statuses, hold points and NCR flow

B

B/L (bill of lading): Transport document issued by the carrier for sea freight: receipt for the goods, evidence of the contract of carriage and document of title.
BOM (bill of materials): The complete list of assemblies, parts, materials and bolts of a project with quantities, dimensions and weights, generated in PEB Studio from the IFC. See also: B.4 Assembly, Part, Material take-off and Bolt lists · B.9 Excel BOM & CSV export
Built-up section: An I-section welded from three plates (two flanges and a web) instead of being rolled. Typical for PEB frames, often tapered. See also: What is a pre-engineered building (PEB)?

C

CC1–CC4 (construction category): Classes of AS/NZS 5131 that scale fabrication and erection requirements, similar to execution classes in EN 1090-2. See also: AS/NZS 5131 Structural steelwork – Fabrication and erection
CHS / RHS / SHS: Circular, rectangular and square hollow sections, written as Ø×t (CHS) or H×B×t (RHS / SHS). See also: Structural steel sections and how they are written
CJP / PJP: Complete and partial joint penetration butt welds. A CJP weld fuses the full thickness of the joint; a PJP weld only part of it. See also: Welding basics for steel fabricators
Component Digital Passport: The page opened by scanning a component on site: engineering, fabrication, QC, logistics, position, inspections, NCRs and photos of that piece. See also: I.2 Component Register, QR Scanner & Component Digital Passport
CSC plate: Safety approval plate on every container under the International Convention for Safe Containers, showing among others the maximum gross mass and tare. See also: Shipping structural steel in containers
CTU Code: IMO/ILO/UNECE code of practice for packing and securing cargo in containers and other cargo transport units. See also: CTU Code IMO/ILO/UNECE Code of Practice for Packing of Cargo Transport Units
Cutting plan: Layout of parts on stock sheets or bars that tells the cutting shop what to cut from which material, and purchasing how much to buy. See also: C.2 Plate and section cutting plan results · Cutting optimisation and how to keep scrap below 3 %

D

DFT (dry film thickness): Thickness of a cured paint coat or system, measured in µm with a gauge – a standard QC record before release. See also: ISO 12944 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems
Digital project dossier: Online collection of released packing lists, shipping marks, reports, photos and certificates that the client opens from the QR code on a package. See also: H.10 International-standard shipping marks & digital project dossier
DSTV / NC file: Text file format for CNC drilling, sawing and cutting machines; its header contains the piece mark, which PEB Studio uses to link the file. See also: B.8 Drawings and fabrication files (PDF, DXF, NC/DSTV) · Supported file formats
Dunnage: Timber or other material used to support, separate and protect cargo in a container; wooden dunnage must comply with ISPM 15. See also: ISPM 15 Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade

E

EXC1–EXC4 (execution class): Classes of EN 1090-2 that set the level of requirements for fabricating and erecting a steel structure; most buildings are EXC2. See also: EN 1090-2 Execution of steel structures – Technical requirements · Execution classes, ITPs and hold points

F

Fillet weld: Weld of roughly triangular cross-section joining two surfaces at an angle, as in a T-joint or lap joint. Sized by throat a or leg z (a ≈ 0.7 z). See also: Welding basics for steel fabricators
Fit-up: Positioning secondary parts on the main part and tack-welding them before full welding; usually followed by a dimensional check. See also: The steel fabrication process, step by step

G

Girt: Horizontal secondary member on a wall that carries the wall cladding to the columns, usually a cold-formed C or Z section.
GUID: Globally unique identifier of an object instance in the IFC model; PEB Studio shows it on the part and assembly pages. See also: Component identity: mark, serial, PCID and QR

H

HDG (hot-dip galvanising): Corrosion protection by dipping fabricated steel in molten zinc, to ISO 1461. See also: ISO 1461 Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles
Heat number: Number of the steel cast from which a product was made; it links a plate or section to its mill certificate. See also: Steel grades and mill certificates (EN 10204 3.1)
Hold point: Point in a process where work must stop until a defined inspection has been done and released. In PEB Studio, later stages cannot exceed the quantity accepted by QC. See also: E.5 Production process & QC hold points per project · Execution classes, ITPs and hold points

I

IFC: Industry Foundation Classes (ISO 16739), the open BIM exchange format. PEB Studio builds its BOM, 3D and identities from the IFC exported by Tekla Structures. See also: ISO 16739 (IFC) Industry Foundation Classes for data sharing in construction · B.1 Upload a Tekla project folder
Incoterms: ICC rules (e.g. FOB, CIF, DAP) that define which party pays for and bears the risk of each part of the transport. Never translated on documents.
ITP (inspection and test plan): Document listing every inspection from incoming material to dispatch, with criteria, frequency, responsible party and hold / witness / review points. See also: Execution classes, ITPs and hold points

K

Kerf: Width of material removed by the cut (laser, plasma, saw). It is allowed for in nesting and cutting plans. See also: C.1 Settings & scrap-reduction levers

M

Master PKL: Packing list of a whole container, made of packages (Sub-PKL) and directly packed components. See also: Packing hierarchy: shipment, container, package
MDR (manufacturer's data record): Quality dossier delivered to the client: certificates, WPS, welder qualifications, inspection and NDT reports, NCRs and coating records. See also: F.12 Traceability & audit log
Method statement: Document prepared by a competent person describing how a task – e.g. erection – will be done safely: equipment, sequence, temporary works and controls. See also: Steel erection: sequence, stability and site checks
MR (material requisition): Internal request to purchase or issue material, generated in PEB Studio from the cutting plans with a 3-level signature block. See also: C.4 Material requisition (MR)
MTC (mill test certificate): Inspection document from the steel mill, usually type 3.1 to EN 10204, with chemistry and mechanical test results of the delivered product. See also: EN 10204 Metallic products – Types of inspection documents

N

NCR (non-conformance report): Record of a result outside the acceptance criteria, with disposition and corrective action. Flow: OPEN → CORRECTIVE ACTION → RE-INSPECTION → CLOSED. See also: F.8 QA/QC workflow, inspection queue & workshop NCR · Production statuses, hold points and NCR flow
NDT (non-destructive testing): Inspection methods that do not damage the part: visual (VT), magnetic particle (MT), penetrant (PT), ultrasonic (UT) and radiographic (RT) testing. See also: Welding basics for steel fabricators
Nesting: Arranging part outlines on a sheet to minimise waste before cutting. See also: Cutting optimisation and how to keep scrap below 3 %
Numbering (Tekla): Tekla Structures function that gives identical parts and assemblies the same mark. Must be run before exporting the IFC. See also: Exporting a clean IFC from Tekla Structures: checklist

P

Part mark: Identifier of identical single parts (plates, profiles) in the model; shown in the Parts list, on cutting plans and in NC files. See also: Component identity: mark, serial, PCID and QR
PCID (Physical Component ID): Identifier of one physical component in Smart Erection (PC00001…), stable across model revisions and linked to its QR ID. See also: Component identity: mark, serial, PCID and QR · I.1 Erection dashboard
PEB (pre-engineered building): Steel building whose frames, secondary members and cladding are designed as a system and fabricated for one project. See also: What is a pre-engineered building (PEB)?
PKL (packing list): List of the contents of a package or container with weights and dimensions. Client copies are produced only from the released version. See also: H.2 PKL editor & eligible component selection · H.8 Client packing list
Preloaded bolt: High-strength bolt tightened to a specified tension so the joint resists slip by friction, supplied as a matched set (e.g. EN 14399). See also: Structural bolts: grades, sets and tightening
Primary frame: Columns and rafters of a PEB forming portal frames, usually built-up tapered sections. See also: What is a pre-engineered building (PEB)?
Property class (bolts): Strength marking of metric bolts such as 8.8 or 10.9: first number × 100 = tensile strength in MPa. See also: Structural bolts: grades, sets and tightening
Purlin: Secondary roof member spanning between rafters that carries the roof sheeting, usually a cold-formed C or Z section. See also: B.3 Component groups

Q

QR ID: Code printed on a component label. It contains only the project, type, reference and an HMAC signature – no data or rights. See also: Component identity: mark, serial, PCID and QR · J.1 Server-side permissions & QR codes without rights

R

Remnant: Usable leftover of a sheet or bar above a minimum size (e.g. 300 × 300 mm plate, 1 m bar), returned to stock and not counted as scrap. See also: C.1 Settings & scrap-reduction levers
Revision (R1, R2…): Numbered version of a weld register, handover dossier or document. Approved revisions are locked; changes create a new revision. See also: G.2 Recalculation from IFC, revisions, verification & approval · I.10 Digital Installation Handover & Reports

S

Sa 2½: Very thorough blast-cleaning grade of ISO 8501-1, the usual surface preparation for structural paint systems. See also: ISO 8501-1 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints – Visual assessment of surface cleanliness
Scrap rate: Share of purchased material that becomes waste: 1 − net part weight ÷ gross material issued. PEB Studio targets 3 %. See also: Cutting optimisation and how to keep scrap below 3 %
Serial (Item n / N): Number that identifies one physical piece among identical pieces of the same mark, printed on its label. See also: Component identity: mark, serial, PCID and QR
SHA-256: Cryptographic fingerprint stored with released documents and dossiers; any change to the file changes the hash, proving the document is the approved version. See also: Security and data principles
Shipping mark: Marking on a package (consignee, reference, destination, package n / N, handling symbols) per UN/ECE Rec. 15 and ISO 780. See also: UN/ECE Rec. 15 · ISO 780 Simpler shipping marks · Pictorial marking for handling of goods · H.10 International-standard shipping marks & digital project dossier
Smart Erection: PEB Studio module for site: receiving, storage, erection sequence, installation progress, inspections and the digital handover. See also: I.1 Erection dashboard
Splice: Joint made in a member that is longer than the available stock; at most one per part, with the position approved by the designer. See also: C.2 Plate and section cutting plan results
Sub-PKL: Packing list of one package inside a container, with its own number and QR label (e.g. PKG-0726-0001). See also: Packing hierarchy: shipment, container, package · H.3 Packages (Sub-PKL) & QR scan-to-pack

T

Tack weld: Short weld that holds parts in position during fit-up before the final welding.
Throat thickness (a): Height of the largest triangle inscribed in a fillet weld; the size used in European practice (a ≈ 0.7 × leg). See also: Welding basics for steel fabricators

V

VGM (verified gross mass): Total weight of a packed container that the shipper must declare before loading on a ship, under SOLAS chapter VI. See also: SOLAS VI/2 (VGM) Verified gross mass of packed containers

W

Weld density: Metres of weld per tonne of steel (m/t), used to compare projects and forecast consumables. See also: G.5 Project comparison, analytics & material forecast · Estimating deposited metal and welding consumables
Welder qualification: Certificate showing a welder passed a test for a process, position and range (e.g. ISO 9606-1); kept valid by 6-monthly confirmation. See also: ISO 9606-1 Qualification testing of welders – Fusion welding – Part 1: Steels
Witness point: Inspection point the client is notified of and may attend; work may continue if they do not. See also: Execution classes, ITPs and hold points
WPQR / PQR: Welding procedure qualification record: the test result that qualifies a welding procedure and supports one or more WPS. See also: ISO 15614-1 Specification and qualification of welding procedures – Welding procedure test – Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels
WPS (welding procedure specification): Document that tells the welder how to make a weld: process, consumables, position, thickness range, preheat and parameters. See also: F.11 WPS, PQR, welder qualifications & WPS authorisation · Welding basics for steel fabricators

Glossary A–Z

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